Frequência de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical e papilomavírus humano na região Sul do Brasil: um estudo retrospectivo / Frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus in southern Brazil: a retrospective study

O artigo tem o objetivo de determinar a frequência de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) e de papilomavírus humano (HPV) no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Tratou-se de um estudo retrospectivo, em que se analisou a frequência de NIC e de HPV no RS durante o período de janeiro de 2015 a junho de 2018. Foram analisados 1.249 laudos histopatológicos de colo uterino, tendo sido possível observar na análise global que a maioria dos casos se manteve estável (183 casos), porém 107 progrediram em um nível. Dos 64 casos de NIC I em 2015, 12 apresentaram a presença de HPV; em 2016, 19 casos de NIC I, e todos com HPV; em 2017 teve uma diminuição de casos de NIC I mais HPV (12 casos). Até junho de 2018, apenas 2 casos de HPV foram registrados. Com este estudo, ficou evidente que, na população estudada, houve diminuição no número de casos de NIC (22%), o que pode estar relacionado a campanhas e incentivo aos cuidados com a saúde e prevenção.(AU)

The article aims to determine the frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This was a retrospective study, in which the frequency of CIN and HPV in RS, from January 2015 to June 2018, was analyzed. 1,249 cases of histopathological reports of the cervix were analyzed, being It is possible to observe in the global analysis that the majority of cases remained stable (183 cases), but 107 progressed at one level. Of the 64 cases of CIN I in 2015, 12 presented the presence of HPV, in 2016, 19 cases of CIN I, and all with HPV, in 2017 there was a decrease in cases of CIN I plus HPV (12 cases). As of June 2018, only 2 cases of HPV have been reported. With this study it was evident that in the studied population there was a decrease in the number of CIN cases (22%), which may be related to campaigns and incentives to health care and prevention.(AU)

Redução da presença de staphylococcus aureus com o uso de diferentes antissépticos em um rebanho leiteiro / Reduction of the presence of staphylococcus aureus with the use of different antiseptics in a dairy herd

A mastite está entre as principais enfermidades na pecuária leiteira, é considerada endêmica e onerosa para os produtores leiteiros e indústrias de laticínios. O Staphylococcus aureus está envolvido na maioria dos casos de mastite bovina, sendo disseminado de forma contagiosa. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do pré dipping, utilizando três princípios ativos comerciais para redução bacteriana do S. aureus, isolados do leite in natura, provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro localizado na região nordeste do município de Garibaldi, RS. Foram avaliadas 36 fêmeas bovinas e três antissépticos (iodo, clorexidina e ácido lático). Após a higienização, de acordo com cada experimento, foram desprezados os três primeiros jatos sendo colhidos 30 mL de leite em frascos estéreis, totalizando 144 amostras in natura, semeadas em placas de Ágar Baird Parker e procedeu- se à contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL). As análises foram realizadas durante o mês de outubro de 2016. Foi evidente a redução microbiana das estirpes de S. aureus com o uso dos antissépticos, no entanto não foi suficiente para verificar uma ação bactericida. Os resultados mostraram redução significativa do crescimento do S. aureus nas amostras analisadas, a maior efetividade na redução foi verificada com o uso do iodo com 66,67%, seguido de 37,50% de redução com o uso da clorexidina e 29,17% de redução com o uso do ácido lático. A partir destes dados, conclui-se que a aplicação dos antissépticos utilizados é uma prática fundamental para reduzir a contaminação de patógenos nos tetos das bovinas, sendo medidas higienicossanitário efetivas para garantir a segurança do leite in natura.(AU)

Mastitis is among the main diseases in dairy farming, it is considered endemic and expensive for the dairy producers and industries. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the majority of the cases of bovine mastitis, being spread contagiously. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of pre-dipping, using three commercial active principles for bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus; isolated from milk in natura, proceeding from a dairy herd in the northeast region of the city of Garibaldi, RS. 36 female bovines and three antiseptics were evaluated (iodine, chlorhexidine and lactic acid). After the hygienic cleaning in accordance with each trial, the first three shots of milk were rejected and 1.01 fl oz of milk was harvested in sterile bottles, making a total of 144 samples in natura cultured in plates of Baird Parker Agar. Afterwards, the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU/fl oz) was counted. The analyses had been carried through during the month of October of 2016. The microbial reduction of the strains of S. aureus was evident with the use of antiseptics, however, it was not enough to verify a bactericidal effect. The results have shown significant reduction of the growth of S. aureus in the analyzed samples, the biggest effect in the reduction was verified with the use of iodine, 66.67%, followed by 37, 50% of reduction with the use of chlorhexidine and 29.17% of reduction with the use of lactic acid. From these data, we are able to conclude that the use of these tested antiseptics is essential to reduce the contamination of pathogens on the teats of the bovine. These are hygienicalsanitary measures effective to guarantee the aptness of milk in natura

Galactomannan use in clinical practice: providing free testing is not the full answer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Invasive aspergillosis is a condition associated with a high mortality rate mostly due to difficulties in performing an early diagnosis. In recent years, galactomannan detection has markedly improved the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, but very little is known on how physicians deal with this test in clinical practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the indications for the use of serum galactomannan in a large Brazilian hospital, between 2015 and 2016. No specific protocol was in place for GM request. We reviewed the medical records of adult (>18 years-old) patients who were tested for galactomannan due to one the following indications: screening, diagnosis, or treatment follow-up. Additional variables included demographic data, underlying diseases, presence of neutropenia, and use of previous antifungal (anti-Aspergillus) drugs. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51 years-old (sd ± 15.8), and 63.3% of patients were male. Patients with hematological malignancies accounted for 60.1% of the cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia (19.6%). Galactomannan testing was positive in 12.2% of patients, including 1.6% of occasions in which the test was used for screening purposes, 13.2% for diagnosis, and 32.4% during follow-up. Median time for chest imaging request was two days before GM testing. Previous antifungal therapy was reported for 35.1% of patients, mostly amphotericin B (57.1%). Conclusion: The correct use of galactomannan testing is essential for an early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, which may improve the prognosis of the disease. We demonstrated that clinicians usually ask for galactomannan tests to confirm imaging findings in patients who frequently were on antifungal drugs, something that could be improved by medical education. We observed a low frequency of galactomannan use for preemptive antifungal therapy (25.7%), which is worrying considering the well-known beneficial use of GM testing in this scenario.